Review of Pattern of Cervical Smear Cytology in a North Central Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
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Abstract
Background: Cancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer in women and the commonest genital tract cancer in women. Cervical smear cytology is a secondary preventive measure that is underutilised in this environment resulting to avoidable morbidity and mortality in third world countries.
Objectives: The study was aimed at determining the pattern of cytology of cervical smears done in National Hospital Abuja.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of all cervical (Papanicolaou) smears done in National Hospital Abuja in 2012 and 2013. Data was analysed with Microsoft Excel 2013.
Results: During the study period, 860 cervical smears were done, 799 (92.9%) of the smears were satisfactory, 710 (88.9%)of the satisfactory smearswere reported as negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy while 79 (9.9%) had varying degrees of epithelial cell abnormalities. Non-specific inflammatory changes were recorded in9 (1.1%) cases while1(0.1%) showed squamous cell
carcinoma. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS) was the predominant epithelial cell abnormality, contributing 58.7% of the abnormal smears. The mean patient age was 43.2±17years.
Conclusion: The predominant epithelial cell abnormality in this study was ASCUSwith a good number of patients presenting late for screening. Public enlightenment and empowerment of women is needed to enable at risk individuals avail themselves of this important preventive measure.
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